Method and system for retargeting a human component of a camera motion

ABSTRACT

A method of retargeting camera motion is disclosed. Data is received that describes a position of a target along a target path. Data is received that describes a position and an orientation of a first camera along a first camera path wherein the first camera is filming the target. A second camera path is computed, the second path corresponding to a second camera. The second camera path corresponds to the first camera path with one or more exceptions. The one or more exceptions include one or more of modification of orientation data corresponding to the second camera path to place the target at the center of a camera screen associated with the second camera and removing of a camera rotation roll for the second camera. A difference is computed between the first camera path and the second camera path. The computed difference is applied to a third camera path.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/880,385, filed Jul. 30, 2019, which is incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to the technicalfield of camera motion and, in one specific example, to systems andmethods for extracting a human component of motion from a recordedcamera session.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Generating motion capture video or other live video recording isexpensive and time consuming, often requiring expensive equipment andfacilities along with highly trained personnel. Generating a good shotoften requires many takes even for experienced camera operators.Experienced human camera operators can add a human quality to a recordedvideo if the camera is either fully or partially controlled by theoperator. This happens through subtle motions given to the camera by themotion of the operator (e.g., slight jitter from hand movement, acharacteristic camera swing from an operator, and other operatorspecific style movements). After a recording session is complete, theability to change the recorded camera motion is limited, and oftenrequires an additional recording. In some cases, generating realistichuman camera motion with automatic cinematography is difficult, andresults often have a mechanical look and feel to them.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features and advantages of example embodiments of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following detailed description,taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating a camera motion data retargetingsystem, in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating a method for camera motion dataretargeting, in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustrating an environment that includes a cameraand a target within a camera motion data retargeting system, inaccordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustrating a method for camera motion dataretargeting, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example software architecture,which may be used in conjunction with various hardware architecturesdescribed herein; and

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine,according to some example embodiments, configured to read instructionsfrom a machine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium)and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like featuresare identified by like reference numerals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows describes example systems, methods,techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine programproducts that comprise illustrative embodiments of the disclosure,individually or in combination. In the following description, for thepurposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide an understanding of various embodiments of theinventive subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilledin the art, that various embodiments of the inventive subject matter maybe practiced without these specific details.

The term ‘content’ used throughout the description herein should beunderstood to include all forms of media including images, videos,audio, text, 3d models (e.g., including textures, materials, meshes, andmore), animations, vector graphics, and the like.

The term ‘game’ used throughout the description herein should beunderstood to include video games and applications that execute andpresent video games on a device, and applications that execute andpresent simulations on a device. The term ‘game’ should also beunderstood to include programming code (either source code or executablebinary code) which is used to create and execute the game on a device.

The term ‘environment’ used throughout the description herein isunderstood to include 2D digital environments (e.g., 2D video gameenvironments, 2D simulation environments, 2D content creationenvironments, and the like), 3D digital environments (e.g., 3D gameenvironments, 3D simulation environments, 3D content creationenvironment, virtual reality environments, and the like), and augmentedreality environments that include both a digital (e.g., virtual)component and a real-world component.

The term ‘game object’ used herein is understood to include any digitalobject or digital element within an environment. A game object canrepresent (e.g., in a corresponding data structure) almost anythingwithin the environment; including 3D models (e.g., characters, weapons,scene elements (e.g., buildings, trees, cars, treasures, and the like))with 3D model textures, backgrounds (e.g., terrain, sky, and the like),lights, cameras, effects (e.g., sound and visual), animation, and more.The term ‘game object’ may also be understood to include linked groupsof individual game objects. A game object is associated with data thatdefines properties and behavior for the object.

The terms ‘asset’, ‘game asset’, and ‘digital asset’, used herein areunderstood to include any data that can be used to describe a gameobject or can be used to describe an aspect of a digital project (e.g.,including: a game, a film, a software application). For example, anasset can include data for an image, a 3D model (textures, rigging, andthe like), a group of 3D models (e.g., an entire scene), an audio sound,a video, animation, a 3D mesh and the like. The data describing an assetmay be stored within a file, or may be contained within a collection offiles, or may be compressed and stored in one file (e.g., a compressedfile), or may be stored within a memory. The data describing an assetcan be used to instantiate one or more game objects within a game atruntime.

The terms ‘client’ and ‘application client’ used herein are understoodto include a software client or software application that accesses dataand services on a server, including accessing over a network.

In example embodiments, a method for retargeting camera motion isdisclosed. Data is received that describes a position of a target alonga target path. Data is received that describes a position andorientation of a first camera along a first camera path wherein thefirst camera is filming the target. A second camera path is computed,the second path corresponding to a second camera. The second camera pathcorresponds to the first camera path with one or more exceptions. Theone or more exceptions include one or more of modification oforientation data corresponding to the second camera path to place thetarget at the center of a camera screen associated with the secondcamera and removing of a camera rotation roll for the second camera. Adifference is computed between the first camera path and the secondcamera path. The computed difference is applied to a third camera path.

The present invention includes apparatuses which perform one or moreoperations or one or more combinations of operations described herein,including data processing systems which perform these operations ormethods and computer readable media storing instructions that, whenexecuted on data processing systems, cause the systems to perform theseoperations or methods, the operations or combinations of operationsincluding non-routine and unconventional operations or combinations ofoperations.

Turning now to the drawings, systems and methods, including non-routineor unconventional components or operations, or combinations of suchcomponents or operations, for camera motion data retargeting inaccordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. Inaccordance with an embodiment, the camera motion data retargetingsystems and methods described herein take as input data describing acamera path and a target path. The input data describing the camera pathincludes data describing the position and orientation over time for acamera. The input data describing the target path includes datadescribing a position of a target for the camera over time. The positionof the target may be described relative to the camera position. Thetarget may be a game object and may include animation data (e.g., thetarget may be in motion).

In accordance with an embodiment, the input data may be generated withina motion capture video recording session. In accordance with anotherembodiment, the input data may be generated using techniques familiarwithin the field of computer generated images (CGI) and computeranimation.

In accordance with an embodiment, FIG. 1 is a diagram of an examplecamera motion data retargeting system 10 configured to provide cameramotion data retargeting functionality as described with respect to FIG.2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4. The camera motion data retargeting system 10includes a camera motion data retargeting device 30 and a camera device40 coupled in networked communication over a network 70 (e.g., acellular network, a Wi-Fi network, the Internet, and so forth). Thecamera motion data retargeting system 10 also includes a target 50. Insome embodiments, the camera motion data retargeting device 30 may be amobile computing device, such as a smartphone or a tablet computer,while in other embodiments, the camera motion data retargeting device 30is a computing device such as a desktop computer or server. Inaccordance with some embodiments, the camera device 40 may be directlyconnected to the camera motion data retargeting device 30, or may beintegrated within the camera motion data retargeting device 30.

In accordance with an embodiment, the camera device 40 may be configuredto capture digital video of an environment (e.g., including the target50) 40 during operation.

In accordance with an example embodiment, the camera motion dataretargeting device 30 includes one or more central processing units(CPUs) 12 and graphics processing units (GPUs) 14. The processing device12 is any type of processor, processor assembly comprising multipleprocessing elements (not shown), having access to a memory 24 toretrieve instructions stored thereon, and execute such instructions.Upon execution of such instructions, the instructions implement theprocessing device 12 to perform a series of tasks as described herein inreference to FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4. The camera motion dataretargeting device 30 may also include one or more networking devices 20(e.g., wired or wireless network adapters) for communicating across thenetwork 70. The camera motion data retargeting device 30 may alsoinclude one or more sensors 22, such as a global positioning system(GPS) receiver (e.g., for determining a GPS location of the cameramotion data retargeting device 30), biometric sensors (e.g., forcapturing biometric data of the operator 42 or target 50), motion orposition sensors (e.g., for capturing position data of the camera device40, the target 50, and the device 30), or an audio microphone (e.g., forcapturing sound data).

The camera motion data retargeting device 30 may also include one ormore input devices 16 such as, for example, a mouse, a keyboard, akeypad, a touch screen, a microphone, a pointing device, a camera, ahand-held device (e.g., hand motion tracking device), and the like, forinputting information in the form of a data signal readable by theprocessing device 12. The camera motion data retargeting device 30 mayfurther include one or more display devices 18, such as a touchscreen ofa tablet or smartphone, a computer monitor, or lenses or visor of avirtual reality or augmented reality head mounted display, which may beconfigured to display a video signal from the camera device 40. Thedisplay device 18 may be driven or controlled by one or more GPUs 14.The GPU 14 processes aspects of graphical output that assists inspeeding up rendering of output through the display device 18.

The camera motion data retargeting device 30 also includes a memory 24configured to store an camera motion data retargeting module 26. Thememory 24 can be any type of memory device, such as random accessmemory, read only or rewritable memory, internal processor caches, andthe like. In accordance with an embodiment, the camera motion dataretargeting module 26 may perform operations as described below withrespect to FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4.

In accordance with an embodiment, FIG. 2 shows a method 100 for cameramotion data retargeting. At operation 102 of the method 100, a cameramotion data retargeting module 26 receives input data describing a firstcamera path (e.g., position data and orientation data) and datadescribing a target 50 path (e.g., position data). For example, theinput data could include data describing a path of a hand-held camerafollowing a moving target, recorded using motion capture technology tohelp capture path data for the target. As another example, the inputdata could include data describing a path of a hand-held camerafollowing a moving target 50 without the use of motion capturetechnology. In accordance with an embodiment, the orientation data mayinclude data describing an orientation of the camera over time in athree-dimensional coordinate space. Similarly, the position data for thefirst camera path may include data describing a position over time ofthe camera in a three dimensional coordinate space. In accordance withan embodiment, the position data describing the target 50 path includesdata describing a position over time of the target 50 in athree-dimensional coordinate space.

In accordance with an embodiment, the position and orientation datadescribing the first camera path may be captured with any technologywhich monitors a position and an orientation over time; including motioncapture technology, motion sensors, GPS trackers, RFID tracking,Bluetooth tracking, video tracking via image processing, inertialsensors (e.g., MEMS, gyroscopes), and the like. A device may be placedon a camera in order to determine a position and orientation of thecamera.

In accordance with an embodiment, the position data describing thetarget 50 path may be captured with any technology which monitors aposition over time; including motion capture technology, motion sensors,GPS trackers, RFID tracking, Bluetooth tracking, video tracking viaimage processing, and the like. A tracking device may be placed on atarget 50 in order to track a position of the target. In accordance withan embodiment, the target 50 may include any stationary or movingobject, or part thereof.

In accordance with an embodiment, at operation 104 of the method 100,the camera motion data retargeting module computes a second camera pathfor a second camera that includes position and orientation data. Thesecond camera path corresponds to the first camera path wherein theorientation data is modified to place the target 50 at the exact centerof a camera screen of the second camera (e.g., a camera screenassociated with the second camera placed at the position of the firstcamera path). In accordance with an embodiment, the orientation data forthe second camera is modified to eliminate roll from the orientationdata of the first camera. The roll being a rotation around the opticalaxis of the second camera leading to a clockwise or counter clockwiserotation a view seen through the camera (e.g., with pan and tilt beingrotation around axes orthogonal to the optical axis). In accordance withan embodiment, the second camera path has the same position values asthe first camera path but with different orientation values.

In accordance with an embodiment, as part of operation 104, theorientation data is modified for each point along the first path forwhich there is associated data (e.g., along each point of the firstcamera path).

In accordance with an embodiment, the second camera may be a virtualcamera.

In accordance with an embodiment, at operation 106 of the method 100,the camera motion data retargeting module 26 computes a differencebetween the first camera path and the second camera path. In exampleembodiments, this computed difference represents human movement that isextracted from the first camera path. For example, the computeddifference can include a position difference and an orientationdifference. The resulting computed difference includes a recording ofcamera rotations along three orthogonal axes (e.g., x, y, and z axes)that may represent subtle hand-held motions from a human (e.g., aprofessional videographer) that are included in the first camera pathposition and orientation data. For example, the computed difference maybe able to extract subtle human motions from a recorded video shot whichmay differentiate the shot from a mechanical shot of the same subject(e.g., a shot created with a rigid or mechanically controlled camerarig). The extracted subtle motions within the computed difference mayincorporate cinematographic style.

In accordance with an embodiment, at operation 108 of the method 100,the camera motion data retargeting module 26 applies the computeddifference to a third camera on a third camera path (e.g., the thirdcamera path including position and orientation data). The application ofthe computed difference to the third camera path may reproduce a lookand feel from the first camera path data related to the subtle hand-helpmotions extracted in operation 106. In accordance with an embodiment,the application of the computed difference to the third virtual camerapath includes adding the computed difference values to position and/ororientation data for the third camera path at corresponding positionsalong the path. For example, a computed difference of rotation (e.g.,orientation) may be added to orientation data for the third camera path.In accordance with an embodiment, a computed difference of position isnot added to the third camera path. In accordance with an embodiment,operation 108 is performed after other shot composition, camera motion,and target motion effects are applied to the third camera (e.g., inorder not to have the computed difference erased by the application ofthe effects).

In accordance with an embodiment, FIG. 3 is an illustration of arecording environment 200 that can be used to perform the method 100described in FIG. 2. In accordance with an embodiment, the environment200 includes a target 204 (e.g., the head of a human actor) traveling atarget path 206 (e.g., as the human actor walks on a surface 202 in theenvironment 200). In accordance with an embodiment, the target 204 maybe similar to the target 50 shown in FIG. 1. There is also a camera 208filming the target 204, whereby the camera 208 moves along a camera path210. In accordance with an embodiment, the camera 208 may be similar tothe camera device 40 shown in FIG. 1. Although not shown in FIG. 3 forease of illustration, the camera 208 may be held and moved along thecamera path 210 by a human operator. In accordance with an embodiment,the camera path 210 and the target path 206 may be determined in acoordinate system 212.

In accordance with an embodiment, the camera motion data retargetingsystems and methods described herein may allow for an adjustment of aninput camera path position in relation to a position of a target 50(e.g., resulting in a view from a different angle) while preserving acharacteristic “feel” of the original camera shot (e.g., wherein thecharacteristic “feel” includes all subtle motion of a camera included ina computed difference as determined in operation 106), and withouthaving to re-take (e.g., re-shoot) a camera operator's performance(e.g., without re-recording the input camera path data). For example,using a camera motion data retargeting system 10 and employing themethod 100 described in FIG. 2 on a camera 208 (e.g., on an originalcamera path) and a target 204 for the camera 208, a view from the camera208 along the camera path may be modified (e.g., made to appear closerto the target 204, or farther from the target 204, or more to the leftof the target 204, or the like) while maintaining a look and feel fromthe original camera path due to a determination of a computed difference(e.g., in operation 106) and an application of the computed differenceto a separate camera path (e.g., in operation 108).

In accordance with an embodiment, the camera motion data retargetingsystems and methods described herein may allow for an adjustment of aninput camera orientation in relation to the target 50 resulting in amodification of an on-screen position of the target all while preservinga characteristic “feel” of the original camera shot (e.g., wherein thecharacteristic “feel” includes all subtle motion of a camera included ina computed difference as determined in operation 106)), and withouthaving to re-take (e.g., re-shoot) a camera operator's performance(e.g., without re-recording the input camera path data). For example,using a camera motion data retargeting system 10 and employing themethod 100 described in FIG. 2 on a camera 208 (e.g., on an originalcamera path) and a target 204 for the camera 208, a view from the camera208 along the camera path may be modified (e.g., the target 204 can bemade to appear higher or lower on the screen, or more to the left orright, or the like) while maintaining a look and feel from the originalcamera 208 due to a determination of a computed difference (e.g., inoperation 106) and an application of the computed difference to aseparate camera path with modified orientation data (e.g., in operation108).

In accordance with an embodiment, the camera motion data retargetingsystems and methods described herein may allow for a replacement of afirst target within the input data (e.g., an original target used whilerecording a shot) with a second target unrelated to the first targetwhile preserving a characteristic “feel” of an original camera shot(e.g., wherein the characteristic “feel” includes subtle motion of acamera included in a computed difference as determined in operation106), and without having to re-take (e.g., re-shoot) a camera operator'sperformance (e.g., without re-recording the input camera path data). Forexample, the first target (e.g., a first game object) may be replacedwith a second target (e.g., a second game object) different than thefirst target but with the second target using the same animation datafrom the first target included in the input data (e.g., a camerafollowing a first game object named ‘Peter’ can be changed to follow asecond game object named ‘Jane’ while preserving camera motionsubtleties extracted during operation 106). As another example,animation data for the first target can be changed (e.g., a camerafollowing a first animation or video take of ‘Peter’ can be used tofollow an alternate animation or video take of ‘Peter’ while preservingcamera motion subtleties extracted during operation 106).

In accordance with an embodiment, FIG. 4 shows a camera motion dataretargeting method 300 which is similar to the camera motion dataretargeting method 100 described in FIG. 2. For example, operation 302,304, 306, and 308 of the method 300 may be similar to operation 102,104, 106, and 108 of the method 100, respective. In accordance with anembodiment, the method 300 shown in FIG. 4 includes operation 307wherein the computed difference is modified prior to being applied toother camera paths. The modification may include amplifying (orreducing) an amount of the computed difference in order to amplify (orreduce) a rotation or position associated with the computed difference.In accordance with an embodiment, operation 307 may include an analysisof the computed difference to determine data within the computeddifference which may be associated with one or more predefinedcinematographic movement types (e.g., such as dutch roll); and modifyingthe determined data associated with a cinematographic movement typeprior to applying the computed difference data to other camera paths(e.g., to increase or reduce a determined dutch roll within the computeddifference). In accordance with an embodiment, operation 307 may includemodifying a position difference within the computed differenceseparately from modifying an orientation difference.

In accordance with an embodiment, the camera motion data retargetingmethod 300 described with respect to FIG. 4 may allow for a modificationof an amplitude of value within the data describing a hand-held qualityof a shot within the input data (e.g., less dutch, more vertical shake,etc.) all while preserving a characteristic “feel” of the originalcamera shot (e.g., wherein the characteristic “feel” includes subtlemotion of a camera included in a computed difference as determined inoperation 306), and without having to re-take (e.g., re-shoot) a cameraoperator's performance (e.g., without re-recording the input camera pathdata).

Preserving a characteristic “feel” of an original camera shot (e.g.,from data within the input data wherein the characteristic “feel”includes subtle motion of a camera included in a computed difference asdetermined in operation 106 and 306), and without having to re-take(e.g., re-shoot) a camera operator's performance (e.g., withoutre-recording the camera shot) greatly enhances value and scope of acamera performance, thereby allowing increased creative freedom inpost-production. The camera motion data retargeting systems and methodsdescribed herein are powerful because they allow a movie director totweak shots in post-production without going back to modify or redoexpensive motion capture sessions or video recording sessions.

While illustrated in the block diagrams as groups of discrete componentscommunicating with each other via distinct data signal connections, itwill be understood by those skilled in the art that the variousembodiments may be provided by a combination of hardware and softwarecomponents, with some components being implemented by a given functionor operation of a hardware or software system, and many of the datapaths illustrated being implemented by data communication within acomputer application or operating system. The structure illustrated isthus provided for efficiency of teaching the present variousembodiments.

It should be noted that the present disclosure can be carried out as amethod, can be embodied in a system, a computer readable medium or anelectrical or electro-magnetic signal. The embodiments described aboveand illustrated in the accompanying drawings are intended to beexemplary only. It will be evident to those skilled in the art thatmodifications may be made without departing from this disclosure. Suchmodifications are considered as possible variants and lie within thescope of the disclosure.

Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a numberof components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute eithersoftware modules (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium or ina transmission signal) or hardware modules. A “hardware module” is atangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may beconfigured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various exampleembodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computersystem, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one ormore hardware modules of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a groupof processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application orapplication portion) as a hardware module that operates to performcertain operations as described herein.

In some embodiments, a hardware module may be implemented mechanically,electronically, or with any suitable combination thereof. For example, ahardware module may include dedicated circuitry or logic that ispermanently configured to perform certain operations. For example, ahardware module may be a special-purpose processor, such as afield-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware module may also includeprogrammable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured bysoftware to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware modulemay include software encompassed within a general-purpose processor orother programmable processor. Such software may at least temporarilytransform the general-purpose processor into a special-purposeprocessor. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement ahardware module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configuredcircuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured bysoftware) may be driven by cost and time considerations.

Accordingly, the phrase “hardware module” should be understood toencompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physicallyconstructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarilyconfigured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or toperform certain operations described herein. As used herein,“hardware-implemented module” refers to a hardware module. Consideringembodiments in which hardware modules are temporarily configured (e.g.,programmed), each of the hardware modules need not be configured orinstantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardwaremodule comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software tobecome a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may beconfigured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g.,comprising different hardware modules) at different times. Software mayaccordingly configure a particular processor or processors, for example,to constitute a particular hardware module at one instance of time andto constitute a different hardware module at a different instance oftime.

Hardware modules can provide information to, and receive informationfrom, other hardware modules. Accordingly, the described hardwaremodules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiplehardware modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achievedthrough signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses)between or among two or more of the hardware modules. In embodiments inwhich multiple hardware modules are configured or instantiated atdifferent times, communications between such hardware modules may beachieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of informationin memory structures to which the multiple hardware modules have access.For example, one hardware module may perform an operation and store theoutput of that operation in a memory device to which it iscommunicatively coupled. A further hardware module may then, at a latertime, access the memory device to retrieve and process the storedoutput. Hardware modules may also initiate communications with input oroutput devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection ofinformation).

The various operations of example methods described herein may beperformed, at least partially, by one or more processors that aretemporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured toperform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanentlyconfigured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modulesthat operate to perform one or more operations or functions describedherein. As used herein, “processor-implemented module” refers to ahardware module implemented using one or more processors.

Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partiallyprocessor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors beingan example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations ofa method may be performed by one or more processors orprocessor-implemented modules. Moreover, the one or more processors mayalso operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a“cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS).For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a groupof computers (as examples of machines including processors), with theseoperations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and viaone or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an application programinterface (API)).

The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed amongthe processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployedacross a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processorsor processor-implemented modules may be located in a single geographiclocation (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or aserver farm). In other example embodiments, the processors orprocessor-implemented modules may be distributed across a number ofgeographic locations.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram 700 illustrating an example softwarearchitecture 702, which may be used in conjunction with various hardwarearchitectures herein described to provide a gaming engine 701 and/orcomponents of the camera motion data retargeting system 10. FIG. 5 is anon-limiting example of a software architecture and it will beappreciated that many other architectures may be implemented tofacilitate the functionality described herein. The software architecture702 may execute on hardware such as a machine 800 of FIG. 6 thatincludes, among other things, processors 810, memory 830, andinput/output (I/O) components 850. A representative hardware layer 704is illustrated and can represent, for example, the machine 800 of FIG.6. The representative hardware layer 704 includes a processing unit 706having associated executable instructions 708. The executableinstructions 708 represent the executable instructions of the softwarearchitecture 702, including implementation of the methods, modules andso forth described herein. The hardware layer 704 also includesmemory/storage 710, which also includes the executable instructions 708.The hardware layer 704 may also comprise other hardware 712.

In the example architecture of FIG. 5, the software architecture 702 maybe conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer providesparticular functionality. For example, the software architecture 702 mayinclude layers such as an operating system 714, libraries 716,frameworks or middleware 718, applications 720 and a presentation layer744. Operationally, the applications 720 and/or other components withinthe layers may invoke application programming interface (API) calls 724through the software stack and receive a response as messages 726. Thelayers illustrated are representative in nature and not all softwarearchitectures have all layers. For example, some mobile or specialpurpose operating systems may not provide the frameworks/middleware 718,while others may provide such a layer. Other software architectures mayinclude additional or different layers.

The operating system 714 may manage hardware resources and providecommon services. The operating system 714 may include, for example, akernel 728, services 730, and drivers 732. The kernel 728 may act as anabstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers.For example, the kernel 728 may be responsible for memory management,processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management,networking, security settings, and so on. The services 730 may provideother common services for the other software layers. The drivers 732 maybe responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlyinghardware. For instance, the drivers 732 may include display drivers,camera drivers, Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serialcommunication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi®drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth dependingon the hardware configuration.

The libraries 716 may provide a common infrastructure that may be usedby the applications 720 and/or other components and/or layers. Thelibraries 716 typically provide functionality that allows other softwaremodules to perform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directlywith the underlying operating system 714 functionality (e.g., kernel728, services 730 and/or drivers 732). The libraries 816 may includesystem libraries 734 (e.g., C standard library) that may providefunctions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulationfunctions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, thelibraries 716 may include API libraries 736 such as media libraries(e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of variousmedia format such as MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG), graphicslibraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework that may be used to render 2D and3D graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite thatmay provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g.,WebKit that may provide web browsing functionality), and the like. Thelibraries 716 may also include a wide variety of other libraries 738 toprovide many other APIs to the applications 720 and other softwarecomponents/modules.

The frameworks 718 (also sometimes referred to as middleware) provide ahigher-level common infrastructure that may be used by the applications720 and/or other software components/modules. For example, theframeworks/middleware 718 may provide various graphic user interface(GUI) functions, high-level resource management, high-level locationservices, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware 718 may provide abroad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized by the applications720 and/or other software components/modules, some of which may bespecific to a particular operating system or platform.

The applications 720 include built-in applications 740 and/orthird-party applications 742. Examples of representative built-inapplications 740 may include, but are not limited to, a contactsapplication, a browser application, a book reader application, alocation application, a media application, a messaging application,and/or a game application. Third-party applications 742 may include anyan application developed using the Android™ or iOS™ software developmentkit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform,and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such asiOS™, Android™, Windows® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. Thethird-party applications 742 may invoke the API calls 724 provided bythe mobile operating system such as operating system 714 to facilitatefunctionality described herein.

The applications 720 may use built-in operating system functions (e.g.,kernel 728, services 730 and/or drivers 732), libraries 716, orframeworks/middleware 718 to create user interfaces to interact withusers of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systems,interactions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such asthe presentation layer 744. In these systems, the application/module“logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/module thatinteract with a user.

Some software architectures use virtual machines. In the example of FIG.5, this is illustrated by a virtual machine 748. The virtual machine 748creates a software environment where applications/modules can execute asif they were executing on a hardware machine (such as the machine 800 ofFIG. 6, for example). The virtual machine 748 is hosted by a hostoperating system (e.g., operating system 714) and typically, althoughnot always, has a virtual machine monitor 746, which manages theoperation of the virtual machine 748 as well as the interface with thehost operating system (i.e., operating system 714). A softwarearchitecture executes within the virtual machine 748 such as anoperating system (OS) 750, libraries 752, frameworks 754, applications756, and/or a presentation layer 758. These layers of softwarearchitecture executing within the virtual machine 748 can be the same ascorresponding layers previously described or may be different.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating components of a machine 800,according to some example embodiments, configured to read instructionsfrom a machine-readable medium (e.g., a machine-readable storage medium)and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Insome embodiments, the machine 110 is similar to the HMD 102.Specifically, FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine800 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions816 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, orother executable code) for causing the machine 800 to perform any one ormore of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. As such, theinstructions 816 may be used to implement modules or componentsdescribed herein. The instructions transform the general, non-programmedmachine into a particular machine programmed to carry out the describedand illustrated functions in the manner described. In alternativeembodiments, the machine 800 operates as a standalone device or may becoupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment,the machine 800 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or aclient machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peermachine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. Themachine 800 may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, aclient computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptopcomputer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant(PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smarthome device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a webappliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or anymachine capable of executing the instructions 816, sequentially orotherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine 800. Further,while only a single machine 800 is illustrated, the term “machine” shallalso be taken to include a collection of machines that individually orjointly execute the instructions 816 to perform any one or more of themethodologies discussed herein.

The machine 800 may include processors 810, memory 830, and input/output(I/O) components 850, which may be configured to communicate with eachother such as via a bus 802. In an example embodiment, the processors810 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction SetComputing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor(DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), aRadio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or anysuitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 812and a processor 814 that may execute the instructions 816. The term“processor” is intended to include multi-core processor that maycomprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as“cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG.6 shows multiple processors, the machine 800 may include a singleprocessor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores(e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core,multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory/storage 830 may include a memory, such as a main memory 832,a static memory 834, or other memory, and a storage unit 836, bothaccessible to the processors 810 such as via the bus 802. The storageunit 836 and memory 832, 834 store the instructions 816 embodying anyone or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Theinstructions 816 may also reside, completely or partially, within thememory 832, 834, within the storage unit 836, within at least one of theprocessors 810 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or anysuitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine800. Accordingly, the memory 832, 834, the storage unit 836, and thememory of processors 810 are examples of machine-readable media 838.

As used herein, “machine-readable medium” means a device able to storeinstructions and data temporarily or permanently and may include, but isnot limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM),buffer memory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cachememory, other types of storage (e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory (EEPROM)) and/or any suitable combination thereof. The term“machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium ormultiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, orassociated caches and servers) able to store the instructions 816. Theterm “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include anymedium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storinginstructions (e.g., instructions 816) for execution by a machine (e.g.,machine 800), such that the instructions, when executed by one or moreprocessors of the machine 800 (e.g., processors 810), cause the machine800 to perform any one or more of the methodologies or operations,including non-routine or unconventional methodologies or operations, ornon-routine or unconventional combinations of methodologies oroperations, described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium”refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based”storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storageapparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” excludessignals per se.

The input/output (I/O) components 850 may include a wide variety ofcomponents to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmitinformation, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. Thespecific input/output (I/O) components 850 that are included in aparticular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example,portable machines such as mobile phones will likely include a touchinput device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless servermachine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will beappreciated that the input/output (I/O) components 850 may include manyother components that are not shown in FIG. 6. The input/output (I/O)components 850 are grouped according to functionality merely forsimplifying the following discussion and the grouping is in no waylimiting. In various example embodiments, the input/output (I/O)components 850 may include output components 852 and input components854. The output components 852 may include visual components (e.g., adisplay such as a plasma display panel (PDP), a light emitting diode(LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathoderay tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components(e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signalgenerators, and so forth. The input components 854 may includealphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screenconfigured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, orother alphanumeric input components), point based input components(e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, oranother pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physicalbutton, a touch screen that provides location and/or force of touches ortouch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio inputcomponents (e.g., a microphone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the input/output (I/O) components 850may include biometric components 856, motion components 858,environmental components 860, or position components 862, among a widearray of other components. For example, the biometric components 856 mayinclude components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facialexpressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measurebiosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature,perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voiceidentification, retinal identification, facial identification,fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram basedidentification), and the like. The motion components 858 may includeacceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensorcomponents, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth.The environmental components 860 may include, for example, illuminationsensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components(e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature),humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g.,barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphonesthat detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g.,infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gasdetection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases forsafety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other componentsthat may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding toa surrounding physical environment. The position components 862 mayinclude location sensor components (e.g., a Global Position System (GPS)receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters orbarometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived),orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies.The input/output (I/O) components 850 may include communicationcomponents 864 operable to couple the machine 800 to a network 880 ordevices 870 via a coupling 882 and a coupling 872 respectively. Forexample, the communication components 864 may include a networkinterface component or other suitable device to interface with thenetwork 880. In further examples, the communication components 864 mayinclude wired communication components, wireless communicationcomponents, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication(NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy),Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to providecommunication via other modalities. The devices 870 may be anothermachine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., aperipheral device coupled via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)).

Moreover, the communication components 864 may detect identifiers orinclude components operable to detect identifiers. For example, thecommunication components 864 may include Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components,optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detectone-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code,multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Azteccode, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2Dbar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components(e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, avariety of information may be derived via the communication components862, such as, location via Internet Protocol (IP) geo-location, locationvia Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting a NFC beaconsignal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

Throughout this specification, plural instances may implementcomponents, operations, or structures described as a single instance.Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustratedand described as separate operations, one or more of the individualoperations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that theoperations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures andfunctionality presented as separate components in example configurationsmay be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly,structures and functionality presented as a single component may beimplemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein.

The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail toenable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed.Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such thatstructural and logical substitutions and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description,therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope ofvarious embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along withthe full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive orexclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided forresources, operations, or structures described herein as a singleinstance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources,operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary,and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specificillustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality areenvisioned and may fall within a scope of various embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In general, structures and functionality presentedas separate resources in the example configurations may be implementedas a combined structure or resource. Similarly, structures andfunctionality presented as a single resource may be implemented asseparate resources. These and other variations, modifications,additions, and improvements fall within the scope of embodiments of thepresent disclosure as represented by the appended claims. Thespecification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

1. A system comprising: one or more computer processors; one or morecomputer memories; and a set of instructions incorporated into the oneor more computer memories, the set of instructions configuring the oneor more computer processors to perform operations for retargeting cameramotion, the operations comprising: receiving data describing a positionof a target along a target path; receiving data describing a positionand an orientation of a first camera along a first camera path whereinthe first camera is filming the target; computing a second camera pathfor a second camera, the second camera path corresponding to the firstcamera path, wherein orientation data corresponding to the second camerapath is modified to place the target at the center of a camera screenassociated with the second camera and removing a camera rotation rollfor the second camera; computing a difference between the first camerapath and the second camera path; and applying the computed difference toa third camera path.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a movement of thefirst camera along the first camera path is controlled by a human. 3.The system of claim 1, wherein the third camera path is generated by anautomated cinematography system or an artificial intelligence agent, andis associated with a third camera filming the target.
 4. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the computed difference is amplified or reduced beforebeing applied to the third camera path.
 5. The system of claim 4, theoperations further comprising: separating the computed difference into acomputed orientation difference and a computed displacement difference;modifying one or more of the computed orientation difference and thecomputed displacement difference prior to applying the modification tothe third camera path.
 6. The system of claim 1, the operations furthercomprising: analyzing and decomposing the computed difference into dataassociated with one or more predetermined cinematographic movementtypes; and modifying decomposed data associated with a cinematographicmovement type of the one or more predetermined cinematographic movementtypes prior to applying the data to the third camera path.
 7. The systemof claim 1, wherein the camera roll is removed by applying a clockwiseor counter clockwise rotation to the orientation data associated withthe optical axis of the first camera path.
 8. A non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions that,when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or moreprocessors to perform operations for retargeting camera motion, theoperations comprising: receiving data describing a position of a targetalong a target path; receiving data describing a position and anorientation of a first camera along a first camera path wherein thefirst camera is filming the target; computing a second camera path for asecond camera, the second camera path corresponding to the first camerapath, wherein orientation data corresponding to the second camera pathis modified to place the target at the center of a camera screenassociated with the second camera and removing a camera rotation rollfor the second camera; computing a difference between the first camerapath and the second camera path; and applying the computed difference toa third camera path.
 9. The non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium of claim 8, wherein a movement of the first camera along thefirst camera path is controlled by a human.
 10. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the third camerapath is generated by an automated cinematography system or an artificialintelligence agent, and is associated with a third camera filming thetarget.
 11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim8, wherein the computed difference is amplified or reduced before beingapplied to the third camera path.
 12. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 11, the operations furthercomprising: separating the computed difference into a computedorientation difference and a computed displacement difference; modifyingone or more of the computed orientation difference and the computeddisplacement difference prior to applying the modification to the thirdcamera path.
 13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 8, the operations further comprising: analyzing and decomposingthe computed difference into data associated with one or morepredetermined cinematographic movement types; and modifying decomposeddata associated with a cinematographic movement type of the one or morepredetermined cinematographic movement types prior to applying the datato the third camera path.
 14. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 8, wherein the camera roll is removed byapplying a clockwise or counter clockwise rotation to the orientationdata associated with the optical axis of the first camera path.
 15. Amethod comprising: performing, using one or more computer processors,operations for retargeting camera motion, the operations comprising:receiving data describing a position of a target along a target path;receiving data describing a position and an orientation of a firstcamera along a first camera path wherein the first camera is filming thetarget; computing a second camera path for a second camera, the secondcamera path corresponding to the first camera path, wherein orientationdata corresponding to the second camera path is modified to place thetarget at the center of a camera screen associated with the secondcamera and removing a camera rotation roll for the second camera;computing a difference between the first camera path and the secondcamera path; and applying the computed difference to a third camerapath.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a movement of the first cameraalong the first camera path is controlled by a human.
 17. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the third camera path is generated by an automatedcinematography system or an artificial intelligence agent, and isassociated with a third camera filming the target.
 18. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the computed difference is amplified or reduced beforebeing applied to the third camera path.
 19. The method of claim 18, theoperations further comprising: separating the computed difference into acomputed orientation difference and a computed displacement difference;modifying one or more of the computed orientation difference and thecomputed displacement difference prior to applying the modification tothe third camera path.
 20. The method of claim 15, the operationsfurther comprising: analyzing and decomposing the computed differenceinto data associated with one or more predetermined cinematographicmovement types; and modifying decomposed data associated with acinematographic movement type of the one or more predeterminedcinematographic movement types prior to applying the data to the thirdcamera path.